Stent graft placement and balloon dilation for pseudoaneurysm complicated by distal arterial stenosis of the hepatic artery after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Hemorrhage from ruptured pseudoaneurysm is a rapidly progressing and potentially fatal complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Stent graft placement for hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm has recently been reported as a valid alternative to transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). We report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the common hepatic artery (CHA) with distal arterial stenosis treated by stent graft placement for pseudoaneurysm and balloon dilation for arterial stenosis due to pancreatic fistula after PD. A 67-year-old man underwent PD for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with concomitant early gastric cancer. After the operation, pancreatic fistula developed, for which conservative management by drainage was continued. On the postoperative day 30, melena started. Emergency abdominal angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm in the CHA, as well as distal arterial stenosis extending from the proper hepatic artery (PHA) to bilateral hepatic arteries. The portal vein was also stenotic due to pancreatic fistula, for which TAE was not judged suitable because of the risk of liver failure. Therefore, stent graft placement and balloon dilation were chosen. Three pieces of coronary covered stent were placed in a coaxial overlapping manner followed by balloon dilation of the proper and left hepatic arteries. Balloon dilation of the right hepatic artery failed by technical reasons. Completion arteriography confirmed the patency from the CHA to the left hepatic artery as well as the exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm. A liver abscess that developed in the right hepatic lobe after intervention was successfully treated by percutaneous drainage, and the patient discharged on day 27 after stent graft placement. Non-embolic management with preservation of the liver arterial flow may be an option for complicated pseudoaneurysm after PD.